Beneficial Elements Improve the Growth, Biomass Production, and Photosynthetic Pigments of Calendula officinalis L. Seedlings

In this study, the effects of different concentrations vanadium (V), selenium (Se), cerium (Ce), and iodine (I) on growth parameters, biomass accumulation, content photosynthetic pigments during seedling stage marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) were evaluated. The beneficial elements V (3, 5, or 10 µM), Se (5, 10, 20 Ce (25, 50, 100 I (5 µM) applied once a week along with 50% Hoagland nutritive solution. Four applications to roots. Doses 5 µM 50 improved plant height, while promoted root growth. Leaf area number leaves increased application I, respectively. High leaf dry weight, pigment content. these contributed development production seedlings nursery